再帰的にディレクトリを探索する
呼称: 再帰的なディレクトリ探索 + ファイルマッチング
目的: あるディレクトリ配下にある特定のファイルを抽出する
特徴: 正規表現を用いてファイルマッチングを行う
用例: 設定ファイルやモジュールの検索
備考: os.walk() は python 2.3 以上でのみ有効
やりたい事は以下のようなイメージ。
$ find /usr/lib/python2.4/xml -type f -name "*.py"
search_path2file() の中で、filelist からパターンマッチしないファイルを削除するために、copy.copy() で予めリストをコピーしている。直接、filelist を指定すると for ループが意図した通りに動作しない。python における変数への代入は、リファレンスのコピーになるので、別のオブジェクトとしてコピーしたい場合に copy モジュールを使用する。
#!/bin/env python import sys import os def search_path2file(path, pattern=None): filelist = [] for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path): for f in files: filelist.append(os.path.join(root, f)) # narrow search by pattern if pattern: import copy copylist = copy.copy(filelist) import re r = re.compile(r'%s' % pattern) for f in copylist: if not r.match(f): filelist.remove(f) return filelist if __name__ == '__main__': if sys.version.split(' ')[0] < str(2.3): print 'This script is available above python 2.3' sys.exit(0) dir = '/usr/lib/python2.4/xml' print ''.join(['* ', dir, ' has as follows files']) for f in search_path2file(dir): print f print '-' * 40 repat = '.*\.py\Z' print ''.join(['* ', dir, ' has as follows files mached ', repat]) for f in search_path2file(dir, repat): print f
実行結果。
* /usr/lib/python2.4/xml has as follows files /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/__init__.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/__init__.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/__init__.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/minidom.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/xmlbuilder.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/pulldom.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/expatbuilder.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/minidom.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/NodeFilter.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/__init__.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/NodeFilter.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/domreg.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/NodeFilter.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/__init__.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/minicompat.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/xmlbuilder.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/pulldom.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/expatbuilder.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/xmlbuilder.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/minicompat.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/expatbuilder.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/domreg.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/__init__.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/minicompat.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/domreg.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/pulldom.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/dom/minidom.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/_exceptions.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/expatreader.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/_exceptions.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/__init__.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/expatreader.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/handler.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/__init__.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/_exceptions.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/saxutils.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/handler.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/xmlreader.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/saxutils.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/__init__.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/saxutils.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/expatreader.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/xmlreader.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/handler.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/sax/xmlreader.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/parsers/__init__.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/parsers/__init__.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/parsers/__init__.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/parsers/expat.py /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/parsers/expat.pyo /usr/lib/python2.4/xml/parsers/expat.pyc
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